| CASE SERIES |
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| Year : 2023 | Volume
: 11
| Issue : 1 | Page : 102-105 |
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Torus occipitale and occipital bun: Case series of autapomorphic traits
Manaswi Shamsundara1, Nikil Sanaba Paramesh2, Vasudha Kulkarni3
1 Medical Student Phase 3 Part 1 MBBS, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2 Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
3 Department of Anatomy, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Correspondence Address:
Manaswi Shamsundara
Medical Student Phase 3 Part 1 MBBS, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, 48, Karnataka
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/mjhs.mjhs_89_22
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Nonmetric characteristics, epigenetic traits, and cranial distinct traits are indicated by tubercles, ossicles, bony protuberances, foramina/notches, and other features on the human skull. For decades, they have piqued the interest of anatomists and anthropologists by supporting and providing evidence for human evolution. Torus occipitale is one such cranial nonmetric variation which is the projection/prominence of inion (midpoint of external occipital protuberance). According to studies, it is caused by the ossification of the ligamentum nuchae's connection to the external occipital protuberance. Yet another nonmetric trait, occipital bun is the posterior projection of the squamous part of the occipital bone below internal occipital protuberance. This case series reports how autapomorphic traits such as torus occipitale and occipital bun are helpful to determine race and the relationship between living taxa and paleontology. These tiny qualitative differences can be used as phenotypic connection markers between groups. We hereby report four types of torus occipitale and cases of occipital bun with their clinical and anthropological relevance.
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