Background: The environment in which professional drivers spend the majority of their time is polluted, noisy and dangerous. Drivers are exposed to harmful environment and stressful occupational conditions. These work-related harmful factors might cause various health problems and increase in blood pressure or hypertension is one of such problems. Objectives: 1) To find the blood pressure among auto-rickshaw drivers working in Nagpur city; and 2) To study some demographic and occupational factors associated with hypertension in them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 926 auto-rickshaw drivers (ARDs) at the auto-rickshaw stand of Nagpur railway station. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel workbook 2003. Results: Mean age of ARDs was 41.70±9.05 years. Mean SBP of study subjects was 124.45± 15.85 mm of Hg; while mean DBP was 82.00± 14.05 mm of Hg. 17.57% subjects were found to have systolic hypertension; while 32.43% had diastolic hypertension. Overall only 27.70% subjects had normal blood pressure; while 37.16% subjects had pre-hypertension and 35.14% had hypertension. Some factors whose association was found to be statistically significant with hypertension were age in years, number and duration of breaks during working hours, regular physical exercise, alcohol intake, tobacco consumption and body mass index. Conclusion: As more than one third of the auto-rickshaw drivers in the present study had hypertension; regular health checkups and appropriate treatment of these auto-rickshaw drivers is recommended.

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Background: Preeclampsia is a common medical complication during pregnancy, which affects approximately 8-10% in India and 6-8% of all pregnancies worldwide, most commonly after the 32nd week. It is associated with complications like premature birth, low birth weight and postpartum hemorrhage. Objectives: To estimate Lipid and Thyroid profile in Preeclampsia, Healthy pregnancy and Non pregnant women to assess the risk of lipid abnormalities and thyroid dysfunction in preeclampsia. To determine correlation of lipid and thyroid profile in preeclampsia patients and healthy pregnant women. Methods: This study comprised of three age matched groups consisting of 30 healthy non-pregnant women, 30 healthy pregnant women and 30 preeclampsia patients attending antenatal OPD and all pregnant women were at >28 weeks of gestation. Blood samples were collected 8-10 hours after fasting and the thyroid and lipid profiles were analyzed for comparison and correlation among them. Results: It was observed that T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL increased significantly in preeclampsia patients when compared to both healthy pregnant and non pregnant women. Whereas T3, T4, total cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL were increased significantly in healthy pregnant women when compared to healthy non pregnant women. Significant positive correlation was seen between TSH and Triglycerides (p < 0.05) also seen between T3 and total cholesterol (p < 0.05), T3 and LDL (ρ < 0.05) in preeclampsia patients. Conclusion: Correlation of Lipid and Thyroid profile. Screening for dyslipidemia and thyroid dysfunction in Preeclampsia is essential to prevent medical complications during Pregnancy.

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Background: Worldwide the burden of Diabetes mellitus (DM) is ever increasing and 46% of the diabetics are undiagnosed. Projections for India reveal that the diabetic population will increase from 65.1 million to 79.4 million diabetics by 2030. With increasing burden, there is a need to use community-based, simple screening tools to identify the undiagnosed. This study uses the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) for identification of diabetic risk and diabetic status in a rural population. Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 subjects between May and July 2013 in a rural population of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. IDRS was used to assess the risk status followed by fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose measurements to identify the diabetic status. Results: According to IDRS classification, 59% of the participants were classified under high risk category, 30% had moderate risk and 11 % had low risk. Seven participants (7%) were newly diagnosed with diabetes and 19 participants had impaired glucose tolerance. At a score of > 60, IDRS predicted risk of DM with a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 43%. Conclusion: IDRS is an easy-to-use, economic tool for community-based screening for DM in previously undiagnosed populations.

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A rare case of Limb body wall complex was observed during preparation of museum specimen in the department of Anatomy, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana. The fetus was given by Narayana Hrudayalaya Malla Reddy Hospital, Hyderabad few days ago. Limb body wall complex is a case of polymorphative fetal malformation syndrome of unknown etiology, which results in large defects in the body wall with evisceration of the contents of thorax and abdomen with Amelia of limb. It was first described by Van Allen, 1987. Approximately 250 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Clinical manifestations vary widely and include limb defects and visceral malformations (95% of cases) It is important to diagnose prenatally by alpha-fetoprotein estimation and ultrasonograpy followed by early termination of pregnancy

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Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a measure of ventilator capacity measured by peak flow meter. It varies in different age, sex, height and is affected by the disease process and habits like smoking, tobacco use, air pollution etc. The objective of the study was determining the prevalence of abnormal peak expiratory flow using peak flow meter and their association with socio demographic variables. PEFR was measured using the Peak Flow meter and the best of the three readings was taken. A total of 609 respondents participated in the study. Most of the respondents (44%) belonged to the age group of 36-50 years. Majority of them were unemployed (65.4%) and uneducated (53.4%). Family history of chronic respiratory disease amongst at least one of their parents was found to be 3.4%. A total of 40.07% of the respondents reached 80% of their predicted PEFR value and 5.58% reached 60% of their normal. There was a statistically significant association in abnormal PEFR between age group and gender. Present study depicted abnormal peak expiratory flow rate more among females and the age group of above 50 years. This measurement test is easy to perform and due to its advantages, it can be employed in community based surveys to detect airway obstruction.

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Vital Hepatitis due to Hepatitis Β Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important causes of cirrhosis and HCC which results in increased morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study, total 3071 patients were enrolled, out of which 2198 & 873 patients were asked for detection HBsAg alone and anti HCV Ab Plus HBs Ag respectively. Out of total 3071 patients, 43 patients (1.43%) showed HBsAg positively, whereas none of the patients (0%) showed dual infection with HCV.

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Background: The health of the individuals will largely depend upon the work environment. In many of the cotton and textile industries, workers are largely exposed to dust. In the light of rapid economic growth and individual progress, it becomes imperative that safety and health at the workplaces will have to be given due importance. Objective: To study the effect of cotton dust on the lung function test of cotton spinning mill workers Methods: The study was conducted on 50 controls and experimental group in Karimnagar town. The ventilating parameters considered for analysing the pulmonary function test (PFT) were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1 ), Percentage of Forced Volume in 1 sec (FEV1/FVC %), Maximum Mixed Expiratory Flow Rates for 25-75% (FEF 25-75%), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MW). Results: All studied parameters if PFT show significant decrease in experimental group as compared to control group. This shows that the cotton dust has adverse effect on the health of the cotton spinning mill workers. Conclusion: The continued exposure to cotton dust cause progressive impairment of lung functions and adversely affect the parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEF 25-75%, PEFR and MW and causes restrictive and obstructive pattern of lung function impairment, which is also associated to the duration of exposure.

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Acute pain in right iliac fossa is a common complaint in surgical practice. It is a common symptom of acute appendicitis, which is a surgical emergency. We present an interesting case of an elderly male with acute pain in right iliac fossa mimicking appendicitis but cause found to be a fish bone perforating terminal ileum. Rare causes of pain in the right iliac fossa mimicking appendicitis were reviewed, which surgeons need to be aware of.

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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are rare and constitute only 1% of all malignant tumors of the Gl Tract but are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the Gl tract. GISTS are typically defined by the expression of C-KIT (CD-I 17) in the tumor cells. Here we report a total number of 8 cases of GISTs studied by Immuno histochemical markers. Panel of IHC markers used are CD-117, PDGFR-a,S- 100, Desmin, CD-34, SMA and Epithelial Keratins. CD-117 and PDGFR-a staining intensity correlated with histomorphological features. Risk of progressive disease assessed based on histomorphological features and location of the tumor.

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Adrenal Myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of haemopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during autopsy or on imaging studies performed for other reasons. One case of adrenal myelolipoma is presented here which was hormonally inactive and discovered incidentally during ultrasound examination.

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Intraductal papillomas of the breast are relatively rare benign lesions with an incidence of approximately 2-3% commonly seen in 20 - 40 years aged women and are rare after 50 years of age. We here in report a case of intraductal papilloma of breast in a 66 year old female with significant family history of breast carcinoma which is a rare presentation. She presented with bloody nipple discharge from right breast since one month. On examination, right nipple is enlarged up to 0.8cm in diameter. Mammogram showed no abnormality. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the enlarged nipple was done and a diagnosis of duct papilloma with apocrine hyperplasia was made. This case report emphasizes the role of FNAC in diagnosing this lesion and relieving the patient from physical and mental trauma at an early stage

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Cysticercosis, a systemic illness and a major public health problem is caused by dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm. Taenia solium. A high prevalence has been reported from the developing countries because of the co-existence of poor sanitary conditions and domestic pig raising. Cysticercosis is a preventable faeco-oral transmitted infection and it is possible to prevent infection by avoiding undercooked food, and water contaminated with human faeces. In this unusual form of infection man becomes the intermediate host. The skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue, the eyes and CNS are the most frequently affected tissues. Other reported sites are heart, lungs, peritoneum, kidney, liver, and pancreas. The involvement of axillary region, although not unusual is a rare. We present a case of axillary cysticercosis in an 18 year old female.

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Knowledge of existing prescription patterns in the treatment of hypertension can provide useful information for improving clinical practice in this field. The aim of this study is to determine the prescription pattern of Antihypertensive medication in Outpatient General Clinics of a locality in urban population of Hyderabad. A Retrospective study was carried out by evaluating 300 prescriptions of Antihypertensive drugs for a period of six months from five Outpatient clinics of Hyderabad city. The study assessed prescribing patterns for Antihypertensive drugs in five classes-Calcium channel Blockers, β blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, Thiazide Diuretics. The contents of the prescriptions were evaluated on the basis of drugs used for Hypertension and brand names were decoded to generic names using standard CIMS India and the Internet. Out of the 300 prescriptions evaluated 195 were of male patients & 105 of them were of female patients. Frequency of use of Antihypertensives as monotherapy was β blockers-22%. Calcium Channel Blockers-13%, Angiotensin receptor Blockers-13%, ACE inhibitors-12%, Diuretics- 1%. The most commonly used combination of drugs were Calcium Channel blockers + β blockers-13%, Angiotensin receptor Blockers + β blockers-8.3%. Angiotensin receptor blockers + Calcium Channel Blockers- 5%, Angiotensin receptor blocker + Diuretic-4.6%, β blocker + Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors-3%, β blockers + Diuretic-1%, Calcium Channel blocker + Diuretic-1%. This study shows that the most commonly prescribed drug classes involved were β blockers followed by Calcium Channel blockers. Angiotensin receptor blockers and Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Major limitations of this work include its retrospective nature and the inability to determine the actual patient’s adherence to therapy.

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Most of the ureteric abnormality cases are asymptomatic but they may be of undue importance to surgeons and urologists because such rare cases may pose problems for diagnosing & treating. Even though ureteric anomalies are very frequent this was a very interesting case of multiple ureteric abnormalities including bladder abnormality. In routine dissection of 20 cadavers during the academic year 2009-10 in the Department of Anatomy, Osmania medical college a rare case of unilateral left bifid ureter was detected in a female cadaver aged about 50 years. This is a case left bifid ureter with 2 major pelvises united with the right ureter just before opening into the bladder and they opened into the bladder with single orifice. Bladder abnormality was also found to be present without any trigone formation as the right and left ureters are united before opening into the interior of the bladder therefore, not having postero-lateral angle of the internal trigone, usually formed by right and left ureteric orifices. The base which is normally formed by the inter-ureteric ridge is also absent. This has occurred due to the development of ureters from a single ureteric bud which again divided to form a left bifid collecting system. Probably the single ureteric bud is the cause for absence of trigone formation.

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Colloid cysts are relatively rare intracranial lesions located in the rostral aspect of the third ventricle usually near the choroid plexus and foramen of Monro. They may produce acute hydrocephalus, brain herniation, and may lead to sudden death. We present the radiologic and pathologic correlation of a colloid cyst of third ventricle in a 49 year old male presenting with severe headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Computed tomography (CT) of brain were suggestive of colloid cyst. Endoscopic excision of cyst was done and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Post operatively the patient was neurologically intact and was discharged a week later. We report the case because of its rarity.

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